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Fractals, Chaos, Self-Similarity

The following is a collection of fractal, chaos and attractors by the author. It includes most known formulations, including but not limited to L-Systems, IFS (Iterated Function Systems), attractors and both 2D and 3D geometric fractals. Also included are a number of numerical solutions for computing dimensionality and other metrics.

Random space filling of the plane
Space filling of a plane (and a line or 3D) with an arbitrary shape. Initial concept and inspiration by John Shier.

DLA (Diffusion Limited Aggregation)
Diffusion Limited Aggregation in 2D and 3D. Including constrained by a surface and a software implementation.

The geometric beauty of leaves.

Fractal forms found by using Google Earth.

Time exists so that not everything happens at once. Albert Einstein

Rendering Wada-type basins of attraction
Here's a party trick for over Christmas. Get 4 large shiny Christmas balls, some coloured wrapping paper, some lights from the Christmas tree, and you have you own fractal laboratory to amuse yourself with over the festive season.

Fractal Dimension and Self Similarity -- Box counting fractal dimension of volumetric data -- Box counting fractal dimension of point data
A particular box counting software package, Ruler or Compass Dimension, Lacunarity, Multifractal spectrum, Recurrence plots, Self Similarity. Examples of self similarity in fractals with examples from mathematics and photos of the physical world.

I wonder whether fractal images are not touching the very structure of our brains. Is there a clue in the infinitely regressing character of such images that illuminates our perception of art? Could it be that a fractal image is of such extraordinary richness, that it is bound to resonate with our neuronal circuits and stimulate the pleasure I infer we all feel? P. W. Atkins

Volumetric fractals -- Visualising volumetric fractals -- 3D volumetric fractal trajectories
Including the Bedouin, Real number Mset, Quinternion set, Sine Mset, Triternion fractal, Danca volume.

Noise
Including 1/f noise. Fractal planets and landscapes: Methods for creating fractal planets, landscapes, and clouds. Generating noise with different power spectra laws. Including frequency synthesis and midpoint displacement and a gallery of images created using Voxel World by Dmytry Lavrov. Perlin noise and turbulence: Creating arbitrary dimensional textures and other natural effects using techniques credited to Ken Perlin.

Polyhedral fractals
Sierpinski Gasket, Menger Sponge, Platonic solid fractals and their complements, Boxed set, Crossed Menger, Jerusalem Menger Cube, Cubic, Keplerian Fractals

IFS (Iterated Function Systems)
Macintosh based IFS generator application and manual. Random IFS Gallery. IFS tiles, IFS Bush, IFS Maple leaf, IFS Spiral, IFS Mandelbrot-like, IFS trees, IFS leaves, IFS Sand Dollar, IFS ferns, IFS chaos text, Dragon, Twigs, IFS hedgehog, IFS cross

L-Systems (Lindenmayer Systems)
Historical software description, examples from leaves, bushes, algae, trees, sticks and weeds, LSystem triangle, LSystem Peano, LSystem crystal, Square Sierpinski, Quadratic Gosper, Hilbert curve, LSystem board, Koch curve, Quadratic Koch Island, Quadratic Snowflake, Sierpinski arrowhead, Von Koch snowflake, LSystem cross, Pentaplexity, LSystem tiles, LSystem rings, Dragon curve, Hexagonal gosper, Krishna anklets, Mango leaf, Snake kolam.

I could be bounded in a nutshell and count myself a king of infinite space. Shakespear

3D Rendering of the Quaternion Mandelbrot Set with Memory. Fractals, Complex Geometry, Patterns, and Scaling in Nature and Society, World Scientific, published April 2023.

Calculating Julia fractal sets in any embedding dimension. Fractals, Complex Geometry, Patterns, and Scaling in Nature and Society, World Scientific, published February 2023.

Graphical Analysis of Attraction Basins of Chaotic Hidden Attractors: Rabinovich-Fabrikant System. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos.

Buddhabrot
Tippetts Mandelbrot
Mandelbrot
Quadratic Mandelbrot
Mandelbulb
Mandelbrot powers
Mandelbrot trajectories
Mandelbrot factorization
Multifactal Mandelbrot
Mandelbrot filling
Cactus
Marek Dragon
Burning ship
Lemon
Inside out Dragon
Clouds are not spheres, coastlines are not circles, bark is not smooth, nor does lightning travel in straight lines. Mandelbrot
Star Julia
Quaternion Julia
Zubieta Julia
Julia Set
Sin Julia
Cubic Julia
Multi Julia
Cubic Julia
sinh() Julia
Reverse Julia
Alexanders Horns
Symmetry in Chaos
Mosely Snowflake
samila
Pelham fractal
mrly fractals
Brocolli
Antoines Necklace
Simones Orbits
Midjourney fractals
It takes considerable knowledge just to realize the extent of your own ignorance. Thomas Sowell
Duffing Attractor
Lorenz Attractor
Rossler Attractor
Bouali attractor
Henon Attractor
Chen Lee Attractor
Polynomial attractors
N attractor
Juan attractor
Random Attractors
VR Attractor
Burke-Shaw attractor
Yu-Wang attractor
Chen-Celikovsky attractor
Four Wing attractor
Tsucs attractor
Sprott attractor
Arneodo attractor
Lace
Wallpaper
Peter de Jong
Clifford
Henon Map
Gingerbread man
Henon Phase Diagrams
Gumowski-Mira
Grinch Dragon
Ikeda
Cooral Dragon
Twon Dragon
Marketing idea: A potato chip in the shape of the Sierpinski gasket! It would infinitely crispy but have zero calories.
Quintonion
Quaternion trigonometry
Gauss Map
BioBlobs
Hypercomplex
Bedouin
Danca volumetric
Random shell gaskets
Solenoid
Fractal space filling
Fractal linked tori
Wada
PovRay contest
Fractals in SecondLife
Simone Conradi
"And are you not", said Fook leaning anxiously forward, "a greater analyst than the Googleplex Star Thinker in the Seventh Galaxy of Light and Ingenuity which can calculate the trajectory of every single dust particle throughout a five-week Dangrabad Beta sand blizzard?" "A five-week sand blizzard?" said Deep Thought haughtily. "You ask this of me who have contemplated the very vectors of the atoms in the Big Bang itself? Molest me not with this pocket calculator stuff." Douglas Adams
Apollony fractal
Random walk
Popcorn
Lévy curve
Pascal Grey Code
Newton Raphson
Bad Newton
Biomorphs
Circle Squares
Nova fractal
Binocular
Magnet fractals
Logistic Equation
Oneness
Q Series
Carotid function
Computer sketching
I am so in favour of the actual infinite that instead of admitting that Nature abhors it, as is commonly said, I hold that Nature makes frequent use of it everywhere, in order to show more effectively the perfections of its Author. Georg Cantor
1D Cellular Automata
Pascal modulo
Chaos Game
Square tile fractal
Stretch/fold
Square Coral
Triple Dragon
Lace attractor
Phoenix Julia
Is the human story largely a deterministic tale of civilisations marching to Toynbee's tune, three and a half beats to disintegration, or did the hinge of history turn on the length of Cleopatra's nose? Robert May
Juan Catrián
Curlicue
Trianguloid
Fractal fields
Inverse tree
Z4 gasket
Tetration
Cross Carpet
Fractional powers
main(k){float i,j,r,x,y=-16;while(puts(""),y++<15) for(x=0;x++<84;putchar(" .:-;!/>)|&IH%*#"[k&15])) for(i=k=r=0;j=r*r-i*i-2+x/25,i=2*r*i+y/10,j*j+i*i<11&&k++<111;r=j);}
Rogers Rings
Measure Function
Trifaction
Woggle
Bad hair day
Multifractal
Mauldin Gasket
Lambda fractal
Kissing circles
Barnsleys Tree
I believe the geometric proportion served the creator as an idea when He introduced the continuous generation of similar objects from similar objects. Johannes Kepler
Circular Infinity
Octahedral Sierpinski Carpet
Star
Curve
Sierpinski Carpet
Log Spiral
Fractal Crown
Spiral Julia
Polygon IFS
Percolation
The real world was full of larger structures, smaller structures, simpler and more complex structures than the tiny portion comprising sentient creatures and their societies, and it required a profound myopia of scale and similarity to believe that everything beyond this shallow layer could be ignored. Greg Egan, Diaspora
Rings
Herman Rings
Reuleaux Triangle
Spiral Septagon
iabs fractal
Penrose Kite
Rational Rings
Tree roots
Peano Basin
Fractal thorn

The Pale Blue Dot from Space - Earth. "That's here. That's home. That's us. On it everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives. The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every superstar, every supreme leader, every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there - on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam." Carl Sagan

Contributions by Gayla Chandler
Natural Fractals in Grand Canyon National Park
Fractals: A Symmetry Approach
Gasket Photography

Why is the winner of the Miss Universe contest always from planet Earth? Rob Hall

Other ...
Benfords Law
Colouring Attractors
Fractals and Computer Graphics (Historic interest only)
Introduction to fractals (Historic interest only)

In any field, find the strangest thing and then explore it. John Archibald Wheeler

Contents:
Papers, Presentations, WorkshopsGeometry, Surfaces, Curves, PolyhedraFractals, Chaos, Self similarityDomes, Planetariums, Fisheye, Spherical MirrorStereographics, 3D ProjectionPanorama, 360 VideoPhotographic ReconstructionMiscellaneous: Projection, Modelling, RenderingData Formats: 3D, Audio, ImageTexture LibraryFun, Puzzles, Travel
(All pages in one place)

Recent:
Digitising the Murten Panorama. The story behind the highest resolution scan of an artwork.Markov Blankets and Mirror Symmetries.... Focus Peaking - An AlgorithmVertical PanoramasSymmetry in ChaosDome Projection and Calibration for Offaxis Fisheye LensesTools for Spherical Mirror Projection

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